Ischemia has been an inevitable event accompanying kidney transplantation. Ischemic
changes start with brain death, which is associated with severe hemodynamic disturbances:
increasing intracranial pressure results in bradycardia and decreased cardiac output; the
Cushing reflex causes tachycardia and increased blood pressure; and after a short period of
stabilization, systemic vascular resistance declines with hypotension leading to cardiac
arrest. Free radical-mediated injury releases proinflammatory cytokines and activates innate …