[HTML][HTML] CpG and non-CpG methylation in epigenetic gene regulation and brain function

HS Jang, WJ Shin, JE Lee, JT Do - Genes, 2017 - mdpi.com
HS Jang, WJ Shin, JE Lee, JT Do
Genes, 2017mdpi.com
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mark with important roles in genetic regulation.
Methylated cytosines are found primarily at CpG dinucleotides, but are also found at non-
CpG sites (CpA, CpT, and CpC). The general functions of CpG and non-CpG methylation
include gene silencing or activation depending on the methylated regions. CpG and non-
CpG methylation are found throughout the whole genome, including repetitive sequences,
enhancers, promoters, and gene bodies. Interestingly, however, non-CpG methylation is …
DNA methylation is a major epigenetic mark with important roles in genetic regulation. Methylated cytosines are found primarily at CpG dinucleotides, but are also found at non-CpG sites (CpA, CpT, and CpC). The general functions of CpG and non-CpG methylation include gene silencing or activation depending on the methylated regions. CpG and non-CpG methylation are found throughout the whole genome, including repetitive sequences, enhancers, promoters, and gene bodies. Interestingly, however, non-CpG methylation is restricted to specific cell types, such as pluripotent stem cells, oocytes, neurons, and glial cells. Thus, accumulation of methylation at non-CpG sites and CpG sites in neurons seems to be involved in development and disease etiology. Here, we provide an overview of CpG and non-CpG methylation and their roles in neurological diseases.
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