RNA in formation and regulation of transcriptional condensates

PA Sharp, AK Chakraborty, JE Henninger, RA Young - Rna, 2022 - rnajournal.cshlp.org
PA Sharp, AK Chakraborty, JE Henninger, RA Young
Rna, 2022rnajournal.cshlp.org
Macroscopic membraneless organelles containing RNA such as the nucleoli, germ
granules, and the Cajal body have been known for decades. These biomolecular
condensates are liquid-like bodies that can be formed by a phase transition. Recent
evidence has revealed the presence of similar microscopic condensates associated with the
transcription of genes. This brief article summarizes thoughts about the importance of
condensates in the regulation of transcription and how RNA molecules, as components of …
Macroscopic membraneless organelles containing RNA such as the nucleoli, germ granules, and the Cajal body have been known for decades. These biomolecular condensates are liquid-like bodies that can be formed by a phase transition. Recent evidence has revealed the presence of similar microscopic condensates associated with the transcription of genes. This brief article summarizes thoughts about the importance of condensates in the regulation of transcription and how RNA molecules, as components of such condensates, control the synthesis of RNA. Models and experimental data suggest that RNAs from enhancers facilitate the formation of a condensate that stabilizes the binding of transcription factors and accounts for a burst of transcription at the promoter. Termination of this burst is pictured as a nonequilibrium feedback loop where additional RNA destabilizes the condensate.
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